Emergent Literacy
The way that student's level of reading is categorized is through the use of "stages". The stages also have ages tacted on to them, however, the ages should not be used as a negative or positive when determining where a student is because they are generalizations. Stages should also not be looked at as concrete because students can fluctuate between two of the stages. Therefore, stages should be look at to simply
"give us a sense of what readers have accomplished, what they can do now, what they can potentially do, and what we can do to plan for their needs at any given time" (Emergent Literacy).
In order to teach our students in the best way, we need to keep two theorists in mind, as well as assess the student's often. Piaget's theories on Literacy Development were that children create and connect their own knowledge to things they were previously familiar with or "forming and reforming concepts in their minds". Also, student's Literacy Development is something that is shaped and builds off of things they have previously learned, and "not necesarily by imitating adults" (Emergent Literacy, Slide 4). Vygotsky's theories of how children learn best centered on the Zone of Proximal Development and Social Interactions. Children learn language and are able to absorb more when they are pushed to communicate more with others. We learned a lot about these two theoriest in my undergraduate, and we always talked about that the more you allow children to communitcate and the more you make them communicate the more progress they will show.
This PowerPoint also dicussed ways of assessing the student's reading which were alphabet-letter sound recognition test and high frequency word recognition test. These tests allow the teacher to take a deeper look in to the student's understanding. After the completion of these tests, the teacher will be able to determine what specific challenges the student may be facing. Then, the teacher will be able to determine which direction the remaining lessons need to focus on.
Assessment of Reading and Writing Process
When I thought "writing assessment", the only thing that came to mind was using a rubric to check the student's ideas, orgnization, voice, word choice, conventions and handwriting; however, after reading I discovered that there were so many different things that could be done to assess the progress of your students' writing. Assessing a child's vocabulary can be as easy as listening and looking for the types of words that the student uses in writing and on a regular basis. It is also important to assess every stage of a student's writing: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and final draft because then the teacehr can see how the story has evolved. The teacher could also use a Writing Portfolio because it will also show the student's growth and progress. The writing process and portfolio can be assessed using the same rubric that I described earlier, but it is important to look at more than the final draft.
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